Arthosis is a chronic disease in which degenerative dystrophic changes occur in the joints.Arthosis can interrupt the function of the joint and in the subsequent stages a complete destruction of the joints and the loss of motor functions can occur.
Arthrosis in women
The predisposition to arthrosis is genetically transmitted.The innate characteristics or defects of the structure of the connective tissue and the joints (dysplasia) can influence the development of the disease, in particular in combination with the acquired factors.Among the latter there may be injuries, obesity and other diseases.
At the age of 45, arthrosis is diagnosed in 2-3% of women, but this percentage increases the age interval from 45 to 60 years of age.After reaching 65 years, the symptoms of arthrosis are in 70% of women.Men suffer from this disease a little less often.
Arthrosis in pregnant women
Arthosis in pregnant women can significantly complicate the bearing of a child.And not only because due to the inevitable increase in body weight, the load on the joints increases significantly.During pregnancy, it is necessary to significantly exclude or reduce the use of some drugs used to treat arthrosis.
Therefore, pregnancy in a woman with arthrosis of the joints is carried out in the close interaction of a gynecologist, orthopedic and rheumatologist.Doctors jointly solve problems relating to the arthrosis treatment plan, taking drugs, prescribing a special regime.Perhaps a pregnant woman will have to wear special orthopedic devices designed to facilitate the course of arthrosis and not interfere with the fetal bearing.
Arthrosis in women in menopause
Women whose organism is included in the menopause period is at risk of arthrosis of the joints due to changes in the hormonal background.The health of bones, joints and ligaments depends on the level of estrogen.A decrease in the level of female hormones, associated with the beginning of menopause, can lead not only to osteoporosis, but also at the beginning of the degenerative changes in the joints and the development of arthrosis.
Arthrosis in men
Often the arthrosis of the joints develops in adulthood in men who abuse some types of physical exercises.Above all often this happens after a long break in sport.To return the previous physical form, a man can try to engage in previous intensity.But an excessive load leads to arthrosis faster than the muscles in relief appears.
Arthrosis in children
At an early age, the arthrosis of the joints is rare, but, however, such a diagnosis is also found in children.
Arthrosis in young children
The probability of arthrosis at an early age increases if the child has congenital disorders of the structure of the bone system.This can be dysplasia of the hip joint or defects of the structure of the joints of the spine, the elbow or the knee joint.A change in the geometry of the joint joint causes the occurrence of an overload, which acts negatively on the components of the joint.At the same time, the muscles are not yet developed enough to compensate for the defects of the structure.
Arthrosis in adolescents
In adolescence, arthrosis can be associated with injuries received during sports games or outdoors.Another reason is not quite balanced diet, hormonal renovation of puberty, rapid growth of the bones with the delay of increasing the mass and strength of the muscles.
Arthrosis of the joints of the lower limbs
Very often, large joints of the lower ends suffer from arthrosis.But there are also damage to the smaller joints: for example the arthrosis of the joints of the fingers on the foot.
Arthrosis of the knee joint (gonartrosis)
The arthrosis of the knee is often found in men who have practiced sports with heavy loads.A wise amount of squats, with or without weighting, can quickly wear the cartilage layer and cause the arthrosis of the knee joint.
The first alarming signs of arthrosis of the knee joint are the characteristic crunch and the clicks in the joint when they move.The pain comes later, due to which the patient does not know for a long time the current degenerative changes.
With timely treatment, the arthrosis of the knee joint can be defeated or at least suspend the development of the disease.
Arthrosis of the ankle joint (cruzartrosis)
The ankle joint is very mobile and performs important functions when walking, run and jumps.The arthrosis of the ankle joint is able to lead a person to disability in a few years, if the treatment is not started in a timely manner.
But the early diagnosis of arthrosis of the ankle joint remains problematic, since there are no nerve endings in the cartilage itself, and for a long time the pain is not felt.Pathological changes develop, almost in no way to feel felt.In the early stages of the arthrosis of the ankle joint, as a rule, it is detected by chance.
Arthrosis of the hip joint (Coxartrosis)
Coksartrosis, or arthrosis of the hip joint, belongs to the most common and more serious injuries of the joints of the lower limbs.As a rule, the pain is absent for a long time.Pain already appears when the joint is significantly destroyed.This is very dangerous, since it is the hip joint that transports the main load associated with body mass.
Arthrosis of the foot joints
Although arthrosis often affects large joints, the smaller joints can also suffer.The reason for the development of the arthrosis of the joints of the foot can be injuries, congenital disorders in the structure of the limbs, plates, disguise shoes, work in which a person spends a lot of time standing.Often the development of osteoarthritis of the foot can cause vascular diseases, due to which the blood supply to the limb is disturbed, as well as endocrine and metabolic diseases.
A protruding bone at the base of the thumb appears very often due to the arthrosis of the joints of the fingers.Following the deformation of the first articulation, it can follow the propagation of the process to other fingers.
Arthrosis of the joints of the higher ends
Although the upper limbs represent a lower load than the bass, the arthrosis of the joints of the hands causes many problems to the patient.
Arthrosis of the brush joints
Statistics say: this type of arthrosis is found in women much more often than in men.And as a rule, after the beginning of menopause, although the first symptoms of arthrosis may appear before.
It is precisely the arthrosis of the joints of the fingers that disfigure the hands, making the joints with mound, swollen and fingers - curves.
The joint deformation is very scarcely influenced by motor skills.It becomes difficult not only to keep small objects in the hands, put a thread in a needle, knit and write.During periods of exacerbations, the painful fingers are unable to keep the spoon and the cup of tea must be raised with two hands, so it can slide.
Arthrosis of the elbow joint
This type of joint arthrosis is relatively rare.Generally, the cause of the development of the disease lies in injuries, in inflammatory diseases, hard work, in excessive enthusiasm for some sports.
Although the joint joint usually does not have significant loads, the changes caused by arthrosis can carefully interfere with normal life.The violation of mobility can even deprive a person of the ability to perform the usual action in life, including the maintenance of one's needs.
Arthrosis of the shoulder joint
The arthrosis of the shoulder joint is not too common.If in the initial phase of the development of arthrosis of the shoulder joint the pain appears relatively rarely, then while the joint destroys the situation, the situation worsens.
The hand becomes painful to lift and turn, the pain intensifies when it rises strongly and time changes.The walking pain does not allow you to sleep: the patient cannot find the position of the body in which the shoulder will not hurt.
High arthrosis of the Temporo -Mandibular articulation
If the arthrosis of the joints of the hand can interfere with the patient to transmit a spoon with food to the mouth, the arthrosis of the tempor -ranbular joint (TMS) prevents the mouth.But this is in the last phase of the disease, when the jaw articulation has undergone significant destruction and bone growth deprive it of mobility.
The cause of the disease is a violation of the bite, congenital or acquired due to the destruction or loss of teeth.The development of arthrosis can cause injuries, inflammatory processes in the articulation.
Arthrosis of the joints of the spine (spondularosis)
The arthrosis of the neck joints develops due to a violation of the structure of the bones and cartilage;Due to a long stay in the wrong position of the body during operation.The reason can be injury, inflammation, hard work, violation of the blood flow to the spine and many other factors.
The arthrosis of the joints of the spine is dangerous as the deformation of the joints can lead to the compression of the nerve fibers, the blood vessels, which, in turn, can cause various pathological symptoms.These are frequent headaches, migraine (which means vertebral artery syndrome or so called "cervical migraine"), hypertension, weakness and rapid effort, etc.The compression of the blood vessels and nerve fibers can occur with spondy arthrosis of the 2nd degree.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Symptoms of arthrosis of the joints of the legs
The pain, as a rule, is absent in the early stages of the disease.But you can see that when moving, the joint can click, break and sometimes very strong.
If arthrosis is not treated, then the movement without rod or crutches can become problematic.And in the most serious cases, the patient completely loses the ability to move independently.Gonartrosis, arthrosis of the hip and ankle joints are particularly difficult.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the joints
The arthrosis of the joints of the hand occurs in the deformation of the fingers: they can bend, the joints swell, the inspections and the hills appear on them.During the exacerbation, the painful joints become warm and painful.The arthrosis of the fingers prevents the exact movements, the fingers obey badly.
The symptoms of arthrosis of the shoulder joint are expressed, among other things, in limiting mobility.If a healthy shoulder joint has the ability to make a variety of movements with a great width, therefore with the arthrosis of the shoulder joint, it can become impossible even just raising a hand.
Symptoms of the arthrosis of the Temporo -Mandibular joint
The symptoms of illegal jaw's arthrosis are not too different from the others.This is crackling during the movement, limiting the mobility of the joint.In addition, in the absence of treatment, the patient can generally lose the ability to open the mouth and even speak clearly.As the disease develops, pain appears, increasing from the load and during the cold and cold.
Symptoms of spondularosis
In the early stages, Spondic arthrosis is manifested only by a certain discomfort in the rear.The unpleasant sensations make the patient more often than usual, they change the position of the body.As the disease develops, pain appears.At the beginning, it is not strong, but very stubborn and intrusive, and therefore it can become constant and exhausting.
Forms of arthrosis
Primary and secondary arthrosis
Primary or idiopathic, is called arthrosis, whose causes of which cannot be detected.This applies to the hereditary forms of arthrosis, included.
Secondary arthrosis develops following various pathological processes in the body that can cause changes in the joints.It can be accidents, a lifestyle, hard work or incorrect disease.In particular, arthrosis can develop after suffering from joint inflammation, as well as due to the diseases of the vascular system, endocrine disorders and autoimmune diseases.Arthosis can lead to diabetes mellitus, gout, endarteritis, etc.
Localized and generalized arthrosis
Localized arthrosis is characterized by the spread of the 1-2 joint process.Localized arthrosis includes arthrosis of the hip joint, gonartrosis, chordrosis, arthrosis of the temporoomandibular joint, etc.
The causes of osteoarthritis
The causes of primary osteoarthritis
Primary arthrosis can develop for dark reasons, which are not always possible to detect.The famous risk factors include congenital and genetically transmitted characteristics of the body.
Build anomalies
The structure of the skeleton, bones and ligaments plays an important role in the development of arthrosis.This may be due to the violations of the structure of the bones, cartilage and connective tissues, both to the improper formation of bones and joints.
Hereditary predisposition
Genetic disorders can lead to disorders in the processes of the synthesis of substances that are cartilage, connective or joint fluid tissue.
The causes of secondary osteoarthritis
Injury
As a result of fractures, cracks and incorrect fusion, the natural form of the joint can change, its blood supply can be disturbed.That's why the reason for the development of arthrosis of large and small joints in 20-30% of cases is injuries.
Excessive load
With too much physical activity of the surface of the joint joints when moving, microtrauma is obtained, which over time lead to a change in the quality of the cartilage and its destruction.
Obesity
Excess weight significantly increases the load on the joints of the spine and the lower limbs.It is this factor that accelerates and weighs the course of coxartrosis, the arthrosis of the ankle and knee joints.
Joints joints
The inflammatory processes in the joints are called arthritis and often precede the development of arthrosis.Articular inflammation occurs with rheumatoid rheumatism and arthritis, with gout and psoriasis.
Endocrine diseases
Diabetes Mellito is one of the most significant factors in the development of arthrosis.But other endocrine diseases and conditions may have a negative effect.In particular, hormonal changes associated with menopause significantly increase the risk of arthrosis in mature women.
Violations of metabolic processes
Metabolism diseases also contribute to the disease of arthrosis of the joints.This is gout, osteoporosis and others.The metabolic processes that occur erroneously play a negative role in the absorption of calcium, the synthesis of proteins and other elements necessary to preserve the normal structure of bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
Blood intake disorders
Aterosclerosis, varicose veins and other blood vessels lead to a violation of the blood supply and the nutrients of bones and joints.Due to the lack of nutrition, their strength is reduced and the risk of arthrosis appears.
Hypodynamia
The lack of movement is harmful to the whole organism and also for the musculoskeletal system.The lack of physical activity negatively affects the influx of blood to the individual organs and systems and often leads to obesity and congestive phenomena.
Diagnosis of arthrosis
Arthosis can be similar to other diseases that require a different treatment methodology.The correct diagnosis is very important for the timely beginning of the treatment of arthrosis and the choice of the optimal methodology.
The suspicion of arthrosis occurs during the initial exam on the basis of a series of patient complaints.But this is not enough to establish accurate diagnosis.
One of the most visual methods remains an X -ray exam: the changes that occur in the articulation are clearly visible on the X -ray.The degree of changes visible in the framework allows you to determine the degree of development of the disease.
In addition to the X -ray, thermographic exams, ultrasound, imaging of calculated and magnetic resonance are used.
Other studies are conducted for differential diagnostics.In particular, rheumatoid champions, a detailed blood test, determination of the level of uric acid, etc.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
How to treat arthrosis?
The main thing that must be remembered by the patient with arthrosis: the treatment should be carried out under the supervision of specialists.With home methods, arthrosis cannot be treated.In addition: if the disease has already developed up to 2-3 phases, it will not work to completely restore the affected articulation.
Haltrosis Treatment: Medicine
The treatment of arthrosis of the joints must be complete.The basis of pharmacological treatment are the chondroprotectors - drugs that help to maintain their elasticity and strength that improve the structure of the cartilage tissue.
Condroprotectors are available in different forms:
- in capsules and tablets;
- In solutions for intramuscular and intraarticular injection.
Condroprotectors are particularly effective with a first degree of arthrosis, but their use is also advisable in the treatment of the advanced phases of the disease.
To relieve pain, various anesthetics and analgesics are prescribed in the form of creams, gel for local use or in the form of injections.
To relieve inflammation in the articulation concerned, non -pound -based anti -inflammatory drugs are used on sodium, orthophen and medindolo.
Muscle cramps retire under the influence of Mirelassante drugs.
In addition, drugs that contribute to the improvement of blood microcirculation are prescribed.As auxiliary substances, the use of vitamins is possible.
Treatment of osteoarthritis with surgical methods
In the late stages of arthrosis, when the articulation is already significantly destroyed and not lent to medical treatment, it is possible to perform surgical operations on the joint.
Types of osteoarthritis treatment:
- Arthroplasty, in which mobility can be returned to the articulation concerned;
- arthrodesis aimed at guaranteeing the immobility of the joint;
- joint resection, i.e. complete or partial removal of the elements concerned of the joint;
- The prostheses, in which the damaged and destroyed parts are replaced by artificial elements.
Massage, physiotherapy in the treatment of arthrosis
Physiotherapy treatment plays a very important role in the fight against the symptoms of arthrosis.The patient is prescribed massage, laser and magnetic therapy, acupuncture and other types of treatment.
The treatment courses must be repeated regularly.
Treatment of arthrosis sanatorium-resort
Many sanitors specialize in the treatment of osteoarthritis, in particular those located close to the therapeutic mud deposits and specialized in mud.
Arthrosis patients are indicated by therapeutic baths and heating, but all this must be done under rigorous medical supervision.Mudlit has restrictions and contraindications.
Degree of arthrosis
Osteoarthritis of the 1st degree
The first degrees of arthrosis are manifested by insignificant symptoms that cannot be easily noticed:
- A certain rigidity of the movements, especially after being in relative immobility;
- pain at the beginning of the movement, disappearing after a few minutes;
- Crliciolo di Luce, creaks, click in the joint when carrying out movements;
- Pain after and during physical effort, after resting.
On the radiography, small changes can be visible in the structure of the joint, including the appearance of small bone growths along the edges of the joint joint and a slightly expressed narrowing of the articulation gap.
Osteoarthritis of the 2nd degree
With 2 degrees of arthrosis, all symptoms appear more strongly:
- more evident restriction of joint mobility;
- With any movement, they feel a crack and a creak in a aching articulation;
- The pain for the arthrosis of the 2nd degree becomes more often and more clear;
- The pains of "start" do not disappear longer after the start of the movement;
- On radius X, the deformation of the joint and the growth of osteophytes are clearly visible;
- The osteoarthritis of the 2nd degree causes significant narrowing of the joint gap, it could also be evident to shorten the painful limb.
With 2 degrees of arthrosis development, the performance is reduced and some types of activities become impossible.
Osteoarthritis of 3 degrees
3 degrees of arthrosis are characterized by serious damage to the joint:
- The growth of bone tissue and the accumulation of fluid in the joint bag lead to an increase in the joint;
- The movements are significantly limited, sometimes the patient is able to perform anything but to sway with the limb concerned;
- Sensitivity to time changes increases;
- The strong pain practically does not leave the patient neither in motion nor at rest;
- The muscles around the painful joint are constantly spasmodic, due to the ailments of power they begin to atrophy gradually;
- The joint gap is not practically visible on the radiography, the deformation of the surfaces of the joint elements is expressed a lot;The articulation is surrounded by the growths of the bone tissue, the destruction of intra -articular structures and sclerotic changes in the surrounding tissues.
Arthrosis of the 4th degree
Despite the generally accepted classification of the development of arthrosis, consisting of 3 degrees, sometimes the most serious, 4 degrees is distinguished.The deforming arthrosis of the joint at this stage of the disease takes the most serious form: the articulation is completely destroyed and loses its functions.At the same time, the patient experiences such a serious pain that even minor movements become impossible.The pain does not stop even with powerful drugs.
On radius X, you can see the merger of the affected bones of the joints, the joints, have expressed sclerotic changes.
At this stage, the deforming of osteoarthritis can only be stopped by a surgical operation with prostheses the destroyed articulation.
Prevention of osteoarthritis
The health of the joints must be taken by youth.The prevention of osteoarthritis is attentive to your health and in timely research of a doctor when the first symptoms of arthrosis appear, expressed even slightly.
Prevention measures include maintenance of body weight at an optimal level.
Do not be excessively involved in traumatic sports, training with excessive diligence and irrational loads.It is also dangerous to take great breaks in sports, after which the previous load can be destructive for the joints and cause arthrosis.
It is recommended to provide adequate and rational nutrition, excluding alcohol, fats, spicy and canned foods.It is absolutely necessary to quit smoking to maintain the health of the blood vessels.
For women, it is always relevant to avoid tightened high wheels shoes.And in the period of menopause, it is necessary to face the question of hormonal replacement therapy with competence so as not to expose the body to hormonal stress that can cause the development of arthrosis.
Since lesions become a common cause of the development of osteoarthritis, it should be avoided as much as possible to damage to bones, joints and other injuries.
EXERCISES FOR HARTROSI
Therapeutic gymnastics for arthrosis is very important, as well as sufficient physical activity for the prevention of the disease.
Special exercises for arthrosis are selected by the doctor, but there are some general recommendations.
- Highths exercises should not cause pain.
- The intensity of the load should not be large, any overload is harmful.
- The movements are performed at a slow or medium pace, with moderate breadth.
- Swimming is very useful and aqua-aerobic in a hot swimming pool.
- Headquarters exercises must be performed daily, without pauses, for a long time.Preferably always.